Understanding Margin:

• Margin Account: To engage in margin trading, investors need a margin account, which is a specialized brokerage account that permits borrowing funds to buy securities. This is distinct from a cash account, where transactions are conducted using only the investor’s own funds.

• Margin: Margin refers to the borrowed funds provided by the broker to the investor. The margin is typically expressed as a percentage of the total value of the securities being purchased, known as the margin requirement.

Key Terminology:

• Initial Margin: This is the minimum amount of funds that must be deposited into a margin account to open a position. It is a percentage of the total value of the trade.

• Maintenance Margin: Once a position is open, the maintenance margin is the minimum amount of equity that must be maintained in the margin account. If the account’s equity falls below this level, a margin call may be issued.

• Margin Call: A margin call occurs when the account’s equity drops below the maintenance margin. The broker may issue a margin call, requiring the investor to deposit additional funds or close out positions to bring the account back to the required level.

How Margin Trading Works

• Leverage: Margin trading provides leverage, allowing investors to control a larger position with a relatively small amount of capital. For example, with a 2:1 leverage, a $10,000 deposit allows the trader to control $20,000 worth of securities.

• Amplified Returns and Losses: While leverage can amplify potential returns, it also magnifies potential losses. If the market moves against the trader, losses can exceed the initial investment.